PREZIDA PUTINE AKOZAGASHA MUNTAMBARA YA UKRAINE/AMAKURU YA BBC GAHUZAMIRYANGO 01.03.2022 || URUNANA - Video

URSS yatwarwa n'umugambwe umwe rudende w'abakominista PCUS (Parti Communiste de l'Union Soviétique), umugambwe ukaba wari hejuru y'ibintu vyose ku buryo Umunyamabanga mukuru w'umugambwe ariwe yagaba vy'ukuri igihugu. Ico gihugu cavutse inyuma ya revolusiyo yo mu 1917, yitwa ko ari intwaro y'abakozi (dictature du prolétariat) bikuyeko abanyamitahe (les bourgeois). Muri iyo ntwaro, nta burenganzira bwo gusohora ivyiyumviro bitandukanye n'ubutegetsi bwabaho, abantu ntibari barekuriwe gutunga ivyabo (canecane amatongo), yari intwaro yitwa ko vyose ari ivy'igihugu kandi ko vyose bisangiwe na bose. Yari intwaro kizira kwemera Imana (athéisme d'État) kandi gusenga vyarahanwa.
Ico gihugu catangujwe na Vladimir Vladimirovitch Lénine yahakwa gufatwa nk'Imana y'abakomunista, yakirongoye kuva mu 1917 gushika asandavye mu 1922. Lénine yasubiriwe Joseph Staline yatwaje umukazo ku rugero rw'akataraboneka kuva mu 1922 gushika asandavye mu 1953. Staline niwe yagwanye bikomeye na Adolf Hitler maze ingabo ziwe ziba arizo za mbere zinjira mu muji wa Berlin mu Budagi. Staline amaze gupfa, yasubiriwe na Nikita Khrouchtchev yatwaye kuva mu 1953 gushika mu 1964, uwo niwe yitwa ko yagerageje kugabanya agahotoro Staline yasize, aranapfungura imbohe za politike zitari zike. Aho Khrouchtchev asandabiye, nawe yasubiriwe na Leonid Brejnev yarongoye URSS kuva mu 1964 gushika mu 1982. Brejnev yava muri Ukraine. Inyuma ya Brejnev harakurikiye abandi barongozi babiri b'abatama bamara akanya gato bakaca bicwa n'ingwara. Mu 1985, URSS yaronse umutegetsi yitwa ko akiri muto, Mikhail Gorbachev, yari afise umugambi wo guhindura vyinshi, harimwo gutanga umwidegemvyo ku banyagihugu, gukorera mu muco, guhindura ingendo zataye igihe no kuzamura ubutunzi bwari bugeze habi. Uwo mutegetsi benshi ntibamutahuye, n'ivyahuha bica birahuhuka, maze igihugu kica kirasambuka, republika zose zirikukira mu 1991. Uwatwara Republika y'Uburusiya ico gihe, Boris Yeltsin, ari mu bagiye imbere y'abandi mu kuvavanura na URSS maze Uburusiya buca bufata ikibanza ca URSS muri ONU no ku rubuga mpuzamukungu. Boris Yeltsin niwe yahavuye asubirirwa na Vladimir Poutine mu 1999.
URSS cari igihugu gikomeye cane mu vy'ubutunzi, mu vy'ubuhinga (technologie), ni naco gihugu ca mbere carungitse abantu mu kirere hirya y'umugabane w'isi (espace), cari kandi igihugu rutura mu vya gisirikare. Muri vyose cabangabanganwa na USA kandi bakabaho bahiganwa, bacungana, basumanako urusaku. Urwego rw'iperereza rwa URSS rwitwa KGB (soma Kajebe) rwari rurangiranwa, rukaba rwaguma rucunganywe nk'imbeba n'akayabu n'urwego CIA rw'abanyamerika. Kuva mu mpera z'imyaka ya 70, ubutunzi bwa URSS bwateye bucumbagira, abanyamerika n'abo bacuditse batangura gusiga URSS mu vy'ubuhinga, uburemere bw'amafaranga akoreshwa mw'iperereza n'igisirikare buhava buratemvya rwose ubutunzi bw'igihugu. Ivyo vyose vyahereje kw'isambuka rya URSS mu 1991.
2. OTAN yaje gute ?
Vya bihugu bibiri rutura vyari mw'isi y'inyuma y'intambara y'isi igiri kabiri, URSS na USA, vyahavuye bisharikana bikomeye, bitangura kurondera kwigarurira isi. Mu mwanya wa mbere vyapfuye ubugabo ku gihugu c'Ubudagi vyari bihejeje kubohoza, maze bibugaburamwo kabiri : ubudagi bw'Ubuseruko bwitwa République Démocratique d'Allemagne (RDA) bwegukira URSS, Ubudagi bw'Uburengero bwitwa République Fédérale d'Allemagne (RFA) nabwo bwegukira abanyamerika. Igisagara ca Berlin bagisaturamwo ibice bibiri baca bacubakamwo uruhome rutandukanya ivyo bihugu (Mur de Berlin) ku buryo abadagi bo mu gice kimwe batari bakirekuriwe kuja mu kindi gice.
Mu 1949, abanyamerika bahavuye bakoranya ibihugu vya Bulaya n'Amerika vyose bacuditse maze bashinga urunani rwo kurwanira hamwe, arirwo bise Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord, OTAN mu gifaransa canke NATO mu congereza. Gushika mu 1991, umwansi wa OTAN yari azwi neza ko ari URSS n'ibihugu bacuditse navyo vyari bigize urunani rwa gisirikare rwitwa Pacte de Varsovie. Izo mpande zabayeho zicunganye bidasanzwe, zihiganwa kurushanya ibitigiri vy'abasirikare, ibirwanisho bihanitse no kwigarurira uturere tw'isi. Pacte de Varsovie niyo yari ifise abasirikare benshi nayo OTAN ikayirusha ibirwanisho bikomeye, uruhande rumwe rwose rwari rufise abasirikare barenga imiliyoni zine. Iryo higanwa ryatumbereye kandi ivyo gukora ibirwanisho ruhonyanganda nka bombes atomiques, ni ngaho izo mpande zahiganirwa kuraba uwufise ibirwanisho ruhonyanganda vyinshi kurusha uwundi. Abahinga bavuga ko izo mpande zari zifise ibirwanisho vyoshobora gufuta isi n'ibiyiriko vyose incuro nyinshi. Mu gihe OTAN yarimwo canecane ibihugu vya Bulaya y'Uburengero hongeyeko Turkiya hamwe na USA be na Canada, Pacte de Varsovie nayo yarimwo ahanini ibihugu vy'Uburaya bw'Ubuseruko. Ni nayo mpamvu muri ico gihe, isi bayigaburamwo ico bita Bloc de l'Est (ibihugu biri kumwe na URSS) hamwe na Bloc de l'Ouest canke "les Occidentaux" (ibihugu biri kumwe na USA).PREZIDA PUTINE AKOZAGASHA MUNTAMBARA YA UKRAINE/AMAKURU YA BBC GAHUZAMIRYANGO 01.03.2022 ||